Chapter Five: Nonverbal Communication Web Poject
Facial Displays of Emotion

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Nancy Wong

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"One's face...is a sacred thing, and the expressive order required to sustain it is therefore a ritual one," (101, Massey).

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Emotions play a crucial role in human interaction. Often, these emotions are displayed to others through perhaps the most important nonverbal cues to another's emotional states: facial expressions. Our face to face interactions involve us adjusting our personalities to fit in with the given situation. Along with the adjustment, our facial expressions change accordingly as well. These expressions are "read" by receivers and interpreted to mean that the sender is feeling a specific emotion such as anger, contempt, embarrassment, or happiness. There is much controversy over FACS (Facial Action Coding System), which interprets facial expressions and categorizes them under specific emotions, because there is little agreement on how emotions should be identified. However, Paul Ekman's research showed that people from different cultural backgrounds can match pictures of facial expressions with the correct, corresponding emotions. Additional research by Eible-Eibesfeldt showed deaf and blind children use similar facial expressions to illustrate the same emotions. Even infants produce the same expressions as adults when they are upset or happy. Below are a few examples of common facial expressions that we can use to tell how people feel.

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ANGER/CONTENT

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The dog is obviously angry at its owner. Its brows are furrowed, eyes are narrowed, and a frown dominates his face. On the other hand, the man is happy which is clearly shown by a smile.
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DISGUST

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Typical expression for disgust is furrowed brows, frown, and a wrinkled nose.
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SURPRISE/SCARED

AHH!?

Yoshi??

SURPRISE!!!...is expressed with widened, alert eyes, raised eyebrows, and usually an open mouth. However, a scared expression is quite similar. One can decipher these two facial expressions based on the situation the person's in.
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SAD/UPSET

sad

Sad expressions are painted by frowns, downcasted eyes, and eyebrows turned down at the corners.

female

"Feminine Emotions" Happiness, shame, fear, and sadness

male

"Masculine" emotions:

pride

contempt

anger

"Neutral" emotions: disgust, interest, and jealousy

disgust

The Emotion Robot!

Howdy, I'm a robot

See a robot perform several facial expressions...

What do expressions mean to poets? Well, they transform its mysteries into lyrical words while artists paint its beauty. However, it is only skin-deep. Scientists and psychologists are able to dig into a person by "reading" one's face. "In a sense, the face is equipped to lie the most and leak the most, and thus can be a very confusing source of information," Paul Ekman, Ph.D, notes. Presently, psychologists are working with scientists to decihper these mixed signals. Yet, how possible is it really to be able to read a face? There are several things one must consider - your brain my comprehend it and analyze it within the context, but judgements are influenced by personal experience and memories. All in all, it is quite difficult to read expressions unless they are obvious ones such as smiling or crying. Thus, we subconsiously filter out weak signals. There is some evidence that women are better than men in reading weak signals. Scientists are able to measure brain signals of facial expressions, thanks to today's technology. It seems that the more genuine the expression, the more activity will occur in the brain. For example, a grocery bagger may smile while saying "have a nice day" to a customer, but the brain will produce more signals if the same person were to smile when he sees his girlfriend.



Interesting Facts For the Mind:


* With just 44 muscles, nerves, and blood vessels threaded through a scaffolding of bone and cartilage, all layered over by supple skin, the face can twist and pull into 5,000 expressions, all the way from an outright grin to the faintest sneer.

* There's a distinct anatomical difference between real and feigned expressions--and in the biological effect they produce in the creators of those expressions.

* We send and read signals with lightning-like speed and over great distances. A browflash--the lift of the eyebrow common when greeting a friend--lasts only a sixth of a second. We can tell in a blink of a second if a stranger's face is registering surprise or pleasure--even if he or she is 150 feet away.

* Smiles are such an important part of communication that we see them far more clearly than any other expression. We can pick up a smile at 300 feet--the length of a football field.

* Facial expressions are largely universal, products of biological imperatives. We are programmed to make and read faces. "The abilities to express and recognize emotion are inborn, genetic, evolutionary," declares George Rotter, Ph.D., professor of psychology at Montclair University in New Jersey.

* Culture, parenting, and experience can temper our ability to display and interpret emotions. Abused children may be prone to trouble because they cannot correctly gauge the meaning and intent of others' facial expressions.

Source: Sex Roles, A Journal Of Research

Source: Psychology Today